ECGS Workshop 2012: Earthquake source physics on various scales

Last updated: 31 January 2013

PAGEOPH Topical Volume: Download the CALL FOR PAPERS for more information.

Conveners

• Kevin Mayeda, University of California Berkeley & Weston Geophysical Corporation, USA
• Adrien Oth, European Center for Geodynamics and Seismology, Luxembourg
• Luis Rivera, IPGS-EOST, Université de Strasbourg, France

Scientific Committee and Invited Lecturers

• Rachel Abercrombie, Boston University, USA
• Norman Abrahamson, University of California Berkeley & Pacific Gas and Electric, USA
• Ralph Archuleta, University of California at Santa Barbara, USA
• Gregory Beroza, Stanford University, USA
• Giulio Di Toro, University of Padua, Italy
• William Ellsworth, USGS, Menlo Park, CA, USA
• Rebecca Harrington, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Germany
• Satoshi Ide, University of Tokyo, Japan
• Nadia Lapusta, California Institute of Technology, USA
• Raul Madariaga, Ecole Normale Supérieure (ENS), France
• Luca Malagnini, Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV), Italy
• German Prieto, Universidad de los Andes, Colombia
• William Walter, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, USA

Local Organizing Committee

• Adrien Oth, ECGS, Luxembourg
• Corine Galassi, ECGS, Luxembourg
• Gilles Celli, ECGS / National Museum of Natural History, Luxembourg
• Eric Buttini, ECGS / National Museum of Natural History, Luxembourg

With the Support of

• Fonds National de la Recherche, Luxembourg (FNR)
• Council of Europe, EUR-OPA Major Hazards Agreement
• National Museum of Natural History, Luxembourg (MNHN)
• Seismological Society of America (SSA)
• International Association of Seismology and Physics of the Earth’s Interior (IASPEI)

Scope of the Workshop

Over the past two decades, the scale-dependence of the earthquake rupture process and, in particular, whether radiated energy behaves self-similarly among small and large earthquakes, has been a matter of vigorous debate. Yet these characteristics are of fundamental importance for enhancing our understanding of rupture physics and the generation of strong ground motions.
Since the ground-breaking work of Keiiti Aki in the late 1960’s, the static scaling relation between seismic moment and some length scale characterizing the earthquake source (for which corner frequency is commonly used as a proxy) has been widely accepted, at least for earthquakes with magnitudes between about 3 and 7.5. On the other hand, the dynamic scaling of radiated energy with moment is still highly controversial throughout the entire magnitude range, from very small (M Despite a vast number of published research works and the availability of more and more high quality datasets during recent years (as countries such as Japan significantly pushed their instrumentation programs), many aspects of earthquake scaling characteristics still remain highly controversial, and inconsistent results are still obtained by different research groups on all investigated scales, even when considering the same datasets. More recently, state-of-the-art laboratory rock friction experiments are able to more closely recreate the in situ conditions on a fault during rupture, such as slip velocity, normal stresses, displacements, etc.
The aim of the ECGS workshop 2012 is bringing scientists from all around the world working on all aspects of earthquake source physics and scaling around one table to discuss and look for solutions to the problems still encountered. A range of research groups has made significant developments since the last major conference purely dedicated to radiated energy and the physics of faulting held in 2005 in Portland, Maine, USA (American Geophysical Union Chapman conference). The major aim of this 2012 ECGS workshop is therefore to consolidate conflicting views and decipher the reasons for these discrepancies as well as to foster collaborations of scientists working on all scales of the problem.

Program

The following aspects were discussed in dedicated sessions (see PDF program & abstract volume above):

• Seismic observations on a variety of length scales
• Source physics: modeling results and constraints
• Laboratory rock friction
• Strong ground motion prediction
• Data and methodology synergies

Important Deadlines

• June 1, 2012: Abstract submission deadline (closed)
• June 1, 2012: Student/young scientist travel grant application deadline (closed)
• July 22, 2012: Early-bird registration deadline (closed)
• September 14, 2012: Final registration deadline (closed)
• October 3-5, 2012: ECGS workshop (held)
• May 1, 2013: Submission deadline for manuscripts for Pageoph Topical Volume

Pageoph Topical Volume

A Pure and Applied Geophysics (Pageoph) special issue and Pageoph Topical Volume will be published (guest editors: Adrien Oth, Kevin Mayeda and Luis Rivera), and authors are invited to submit manuscripts for this issue by the deadline of 1 May 2013. The manuscripts will undergo full peer review and, if accepted, be published in a journal special issue of Pageoph and in the book series Pageoph Topical Volumes. Download the CALL FOR PAPERS for more information.

We strongly encourage you to consider submitting a manuscript, and kindly ask you to provide us with a tentative title and authors list by 24 February 2013 by email, so that we can plan ahead with the list of potential contributions.

Presentations Given at the Meeting

Oral Presentations
Wednesday, 3 October 2012
Walter, W.R., R. Gok and K. Mayeda (keynote lecture)	Investigating earthquake scaling using spectral ratios and simple earthquake models
Abercrombie, R.E.	Is the ongoing earthquake scaling controversy simply a matter of different modeling approaches and underestimated uncertainties?
Mayeda, K., L. Malagnini and S.-H. Yoo	The apparent stress controversy: Does earthquake self-similarity hold and who cares?
Kwiatek, G., G. Dresen, M. Bohnhoff, R. Harrington, E.-M. Charalampidou, F. Bulut, Th. Goebel and B. Orlecka-Sikora	Source scaling relations of km- to cm-scale (Mw 4 to -6) earthquakes: Experiences from mining- and fluid-induced seismicity, volcanic-hybrid seismic events and laboratory experiments
Harrington, R.M., G. Kwiatek and S.C. Moran	Volcanic seismic earthquakes at Mount St. Helens exhibit a constant seismically radiated energy per unit size
Prieto, G.A., S.A. Barrett and G.C. Beroza (keynote lecture)	Earthquake source physics at various depths, energy budget and scaling
Baltay, A.S., S. Ide and G.C. Beroza	Radiated energy of recent great earthquakes
Rivera, L. and H. Kanamori	Very long period source characteristics and radiated energy of large earthquakes
Duputel, Z., H. Kanamori, V.C. Tsai, L. Rivera, L. Meng, J.-P. Ampuero and J.M. Stock	The 2012 Sumatra great earthquake sequence
Thursday, 4 October 2012
Abrahamson, N. (keynote lecture)	Incorporating earthquake source physics into ground motion models for seismic hazard studies
Archuleta R.J., F. Cotton, M. Causse and J. Crempien (keynote lecture)	Stress drop variability
Hauksson, E. and L.M. Jones	Understanding earthquake scaling in the context of complex fault systems and crustal geophysics
Oth, A.	Stress drop and scaling variations in Japan: what is the driving mechanism?
Gusev, A.A.	Flat acceleration source spectrum is an ordinary property of stochastic self-similar earthquake fault with propagating slip pulse
Cocco, M. and E. Tinti	Stress drop variability and dynamic fault weakening for extended earthquake sources
Mai, P.M.	Uncertainty Quantification in Earthquake Source Studies: The SIV Initiative and its Implications for Source Parameter Estimation
Funning, G.J., Weston J., Ferreira A.M.G., Elliott J.R. and B.E. Parsons	Earthquake scaling relationships estimated from a 20 year catalog of source models derived from InSAR data
McGuire, J.J., J.A. Collins, P. Gouédard, E. Roland, D. Lizarralde, M.S. Boettcher, M.D. Dehn, Y. Liu and R.D. van der Hilst	The scale dependence of rupture barriers
Ide, S.	Modeling scale-invariant heterogeneity of earthquakes
Ellsworth, W.L. and K. Imanishi	Gutenberg-Richter breakdown and the smallest earthquakes at the San Andreas Fault Observatory at Depth
Friday, 5 October 2012
Lapusta, N. (keynote lecture)	Long-term behaviour of fault models with enhanced co-seismic weakening: Importance of earthquake nucleation
Di Toro, G., S. Nielsen, E. Spagnuolo, S. Smith, M. Violay (keynote lecture)	Friction during earthquakes from rock deformation experiments
Nielsen, S., E. Spagnuolo, S. Smith, M. Violay, G. Di Toro	An attempt to reconcile friction experimental measurements with seismlogical observations
McLaskey, G.C., B.D. Kilgore, N.M. Beeler and D.A. Lockner	Earthquake nucleation: stressing rate affects foreshock occurrence and minimum earthquake size
DISCUSSION SESSION (initative taken by M. Cocco and G. Beroza, thanks!)	Key issues and practical actions
Malagnini, L., I. Munafo, M. Cocco, S. Nielsen, E. Spagnuolo, S.-H. Yoo and K. Mayeda	Friction on faults and scaling laws: Hypotheses, dynamic models, and comparisons against lab experiments
Ziv, A.	Using a constitutive friction law to constrain co-seismic slip: the 2004 Parkfield example
Niemeijer, A., C. Collettini, S.A.F. Smith and C. Spiers	Frictional properties of Zuccale Fault rocks from room temperature to in-situ conditions: the effect of temperature and fluid pressure on slip stability
Zhu, W. and A. Ougier-Simonin	Failure mechanisms and instabilities associated with slow slip events
Chiaraluce L., L. Valoroso, R. Di Stefano, D. Piccinini, L. Scognamiglio, E. Tinti and M. Cocco	Rupture nucleation and onset of dynamic propagation: new clues from the 2009 L’Aquila Earthquake
Ruiz,S. and R. Madariaga	Dynamic inversion of intermediate depth earthquakes and Brune’s model
Ampuero, J.-P.	Insights on earthquake dynamics enabled by high-frequency source imaging with dense seismic arrays
Dalguer L.A. and P. Galvez	A dynamic rupture model with slip reactivation for the 2011 Mw 9.0 Tohoku Earthquake
Huang, Y. and J.-P. Ampuero	Constrains on fault properties from integration of observations and dynamic rupture models of the Tohoku-Oki Earthquake
Gabriel, A.-A., J.-P. Ampuero, L.A. Dalguer and P.M. Mai	Source properties and complexity of dynamic ruptures in elastic and plastic media

Available Poster Presentations (status: 06 November 2012)
1	Moyer, P., M. Boettcher, J.J. McGuire and J. Collins	Radiated energy of 3.0 < M < 5.0 earthquakes in rupture patches and rupture barriers on Gofar Transform Fault, East Pacific Rise
5	Yoo, S.-H. and K. Mayeda	Validation of source scaling using ground motions from the 2008 Wells, Nevada Earthquake sequence
7	Michalek, J., H. Cermakova, T. Fischer and J. Horalek	Static source parameters of the West Bohemia/Vogtland earthquake swarms
8	Ortega, R. and L. Quitanar	Scalar moment variations and isotropic characteristics of the main- and after-shock earthquakes in transform fault system
9	Kocharyan, G.G.	The fault stiffness as the key parameter that controls EQ efficiency scaling law
11	Miyake, H., K. Irikura, L. Dalguer and S. Murotani	Three-stage magnitude-area scaling supported by slip inversions and dynamic rupture simulations
20	Van Dinther, Y., T. Gerya, L.A. Dalguer, F. Corbi, F. Funiciello and P.M. Mai	The seismic cycle at subduction thrusts: Implications of geodynamic simulations bechmarked with laboratory models
27	Song, S.G. and L.A. Dalguer	Propagation of 1-point and 2-point statistics from dynamic source through kinematic to ground motions
29	Pluymakers, A., J. Samuelson and C. Spiers	Frictional behavior of simulated anhydrite fault gouge and the effects of supercritical CO2
30	Yamaguchi, T.	Gutenberg-Richter law, giant earthquakes and slow events in laboratory experiment
32	Townend, J., R. Sutherland, V.G. Voy, S.C. Cox and C.J. Boulton	Fault zone structure of the central Alpine Fault revealed during the first phase of the Deep Fault Drilling Project (DFDP-1)
35	Milev, A., R. Durrheim, M. Nakatani, Y. Yabe, H. Ogasawara, M. Naoi and SATREPS	Quasi-static and dynamic deformations of the rocks associated with mining induced seismic events around deep level mining in South Africa
37	Adamovà, P., J. Šílený and E. Löffler	Second Degree Moments – A tool for the fault plane detection?
39	Martinez, P., M. Bohnhoff and G. Kwiatek	Relation between stress field changes and fluid injection at The Geysers Geothermal Field, California
40	Šílený, J.	Shear-tensile model – A prospective alternative to moment tensor in seismic detection of fracture mode during hydrofracture treatment of oil and gas well
48	Kishkina, S.B.	Seismic observations of micro-earthquakes at small scale fractures

Some Photos of the Event

Venue

The conference was held in close proximity to the center of Luxembourg City, the cosmopolitan capital of the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg.
Luxembourg was a fortress city with reputation to be unseizable, strategically located between the French Kingdom and the German Empire. It was one of the major strongholds in Europe from the 16th Century through its dismantlement in 1867.
Today, Luxembourg is well known as an international Financial Center and for hosting key institutions such as the European Parliament and the European Court of Justice. It is a dynamic and modern city, was European Capital of Culture for the second time in 2007, and is part of the World Heritage List of UNESCO. Enjoy its Old Quarters, fortifications, museums, exhibitions and more. See for instance the Luxembourg City Tourist Office or the National Tourist Office web sites.

For Further Information

Please contact:
Ms Corine GALASSI, ECGS secretary
19 rue Josy Welter
L-7256 Walferdange
Grand Duchy of Luxembourg
Tel: +352 33.14.87-1
Fax: +352 33.14.87-88
Email: source2012@ecgs.lu